Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc
Section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 deals with search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc. If a District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Magistrate of the first class, upon information and after such inquiry as he thinks necessary, has reason to believe that any place is used for the deposit or sale of stolen property, or for the deposit, sale or production of any objectionable a The Act came into force on 01 Jul 2024.
(1) If a District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Magistrate of the first class, upon information and after such inquiry as he thinks necessary, has reason to believe that any place is used for the deposit or sale of stolen property, or for the deposit, sale or production of any objectionable article to which this section applies, or that any such objectionable article is deposited in any place, he may by warrant authorise any police officer above the rank of a constable---
(a) to enter, with such assistance as may be required, such place;
(b) to search the same in the manner specified in the warrant;
(c) to take possession of any property or article therein found which he reasonably suspects to be stolen property or objectionable article to which this section applies;
(d) to convey such property or article before a Magistrate, or to guard the same on the spot until the offender is taken before a Magistrate, or otherwise to dispose of it in some place of safety;
(e) to take into custody and carry before a Magistrate every person found in such place who appears to have been privy to the deposit, sale or production of any such property or article knowing or having reasonable cause to suspect it to be stolen property or, as the case may be, objectionable article to which this section applies.
(2) The objectionable articles to which this section applies are---
(a) counterfeit coin;
(b) pieces of metal made in contravention of the Coinage Act, 2011 (11 of 2011), or brought into India in contravention of any notification for the time being in force issued under section 11 of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962);
(c) counterfeit currency note; counterfeit stamps;
(d) forged documents;
(e) false seals;
(f) obscene objects referred to in section 294 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (45 of 2023);
(g) instruments or materials used for the production of any of the articles mentioned in clauses (a) to (f).
Section 97, The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (Act 46 of 2023).
Replaces a provision of the Code of Criminal Procedure
CRPC 94 Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forgeddocuments, etc Text carried over almost unchanged 91%
Measured by comparing the text of the two provisions, not taken from an official correspondence table — there is no machine-readable one. See both texts side by side before relying on it.
Both regimes are live. The repealed enactment still governs what happened while it was in force. We never redirect one to the other.
Cross-references
Extracted from the operative text of the enactments themselves. Every destination below exists in our corpus.
This section refers to
Related judgements & precedents
These are some judgments that construed this section, and hold precedence value. They hold authority on how to read, interpret and use this section.
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S Krishnaiah vs B Mallika Rjuna
Decided under Code of Criminal Procedure 94, which this section replaces. The court did not have this Act before it.
Court's Decision & Legal Precedent
When a criminal complaint alleging theft is filed before a magistrate, the magistrate's primary duty is to inquire into the complaint and decide whether to take cognizance of the offense or forward it to police for investigation. The magistrate cannot entertain applications regarding the subject matter of the complaint (such as interim custody of seized property) without first taking cognizance of the offense. Furthermore, a magistrate cannot return seized property to the accused without proper inquiry into the criminal allegations, merely because the accused disputes ownership. The distinction between civil ownership disputes and criminal theft allegations must be maintained, and the magistrate's earlier finding of prima facie case of theft cannot be contradicted by subsequently returning the property without justification.
On this section: Permits issuance of search warrants for property subject matter of theft; the court examined the magistrate's application of this section through an advocate commissioner
The holding above is the ratio decidendi as extracted from the judgment by eCourts India, reproduced unaltered — it is a rendering of the court's reasoning, not a substitute for its words. Read the order itself before relying on it.
Questions about Section 97
What have the courts held on Section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita?
S Krishnaiah vs B Mallika Rjuna (18 Nov 2024) is the leading judgment on this section among those set out below, though it was decided under CRPC 94, which this section replaced -- the court never mentioned this Act: Permits issuance of search warrants for property subject matter of theft; the court examined the magistrate's application of this section through an advocate commissioner.
How do I find court cases under Section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita?
In judgments and charge sheets this section is written several ways, and each form finds a different set of orders. These search the full text of every order eCourtsIndia holds, best matches first: BNSS 97, section 97 BNSS, section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita. People searching for it also type 97 bnss act and 97 bnss in crpc. Each opens the full list of orders on eCourtsIndia, where it can be narrowed by court, year and outcome. 1 reported judgment on this section is set out on this page, beginning with S Krishnaiah vs B Mallika Rjuna (18 Nov 2024).
What should I read with Section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and has it changed?
Its own text turns on Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 294 (Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc), so none of them can safely be read on its own. 2 other provisions in this corpus refer back to it. It carries forward CrPC 94 (Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forgeddocuments, etc), so the judgments decided under that provision are the case law on this one.
When did Section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita come into force?
Section 97 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, cited as BNSS 97, came into force on 01 Jul 2024, having been enacted on 25 Dec 2023. It is in force as at the date shown on this page.
Other sections of this Act
- 359. Compounding of offences1355 words
- 187. Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours1122 words
- 2. Definitions956 words
- 243. Trial for more than one offence930 words
- 35. When police may arrest without warrant881 words
- 480. When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence823 words
Source and method. Compiled from the enactments of Parliament and of the State legislatures as published on India Code, and republished together with commentary and other original matter under section 52(1)(q)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Structured, cross-referenced and maintained by eCourtsIndia. Text as in force on 15 Oct 2026. This page is not a substitute for legal advice.