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Civil Rights

Section 12

In force Act 22 of 1955 As on 19 Oct 2026

Read from the scanned gazette. India Code publishes no text for this Act, so the text below was read from the Government's own scan by machine and split into sections by its numbering. It has not been checked against the page word by word. Where it matters, read the scan. Read the scan.

Act 22 of 1955

Read from the scanned gazette. India Code publishes no text for this Act, so this text was read from the Government's own scan by machine and split into sections by its numbering. It has not been checked against the page word by word. Where it matters, read the scan. Read the scan.

Section 12 of Civil Rights. Presumption by courts in certain cases. Where any act constituting an offence under this Act is committed in relation to a member of a Scheduled Caste, the court shall presume, unless the contrary is proved, that such act was committed on the ground of "untouchabilily'

Presumption by courts in certain cases. Where any act constituting an offence under this Act is committed in relation to a member of a Scheduled Caste, the court shall presume, unless the contrary is proved, that such act was committed on the ground of "untouchabilily'

Section 12, Civil Rights (Act 22 of 1955).

Questions about Section 12

How do I find court cases under Section 12 of the Civil Rights?

In judgments and charge sheets this section is written several ways, and each form finds a different set of orders. These search the full text of every order eCourtsIndia holds, best matches first: Civil Rights 12, section 12 Civil Rights, section 12 of the Civil Rights. Each opens the full list of orders on eCourtsIndia, where it can be narrowed by court, year and outcome.

When was the Civil Rights enacted?

Civil Rights was enacted in 1955 as Act 22 of 1955. India Code records no commencement date for it. It is in force as at the date shown on this page.

Other sections of this Act

Source and method. Compiled from the enactments of Parliament and of the State legislatures as published on India Code, and republished together with commentary and other original matter under section 52(1)(q)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Structured, cross-referenced and maintained by eCourtsIndia. Read from the Government's own scanned gazette with Azure Document Intelligence, then split into sections by their numbering. India Code publishes no text for this Act. The scan itself is mirrored into our own storage and served at /scan/dfbb1f26-7241-43b4-b25e-8f7ab19dab75.pdf, so the reading here can be checked against the page it came from without depending on India Code's own copy staying where it is (it was at https://indiacode.gov.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/87970d8e-aff0-4c42-b0f7-266bfd26b152/content). This page is not a substitute for legal advice.