Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend
Section 221 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 deals with intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend. Whoever, being a pubic servant, legally bound as such public servant to apprehend or to keep in confinement any person charged with or liable to be apprehended for an offence, intentionally omits to apprehend such person, or intentionally suffers such person to escape, or intentionally aids such per The Act came into force on 01 Jan 1862. Repealed by section 358 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (45 of 2023) with effect from 1 July 2024, but conduct before that date is still charged, tried and appealed under it.
Whoever, being a pubic servant, legally bound as such public servant to apprehend or to keep in confinement any person charged with or liable to be apprehended for an offence, intentionally omits to apprehend such person, or intentionally suffers such person to escape, or intentionally aids such person in escaping or attempting to escape from such confinement, shall be punished as follows, that is to say:-
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement, or who ought to have been apprehended, was charged with, or liable to be apprehended for, an offence punishable with death; or
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement, or who ought to have been apprehended, was charged with, or liable to be apprehended for, an offence punishable with [imprisonment for life] or imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years; or
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, with or without fine, if the person in confinement, or who ought to have been apprehended, was charged with, or liable to be apprehended for, an offence punishable with imprisonment for a term less than ten years.
Section 221, The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Act 45 of 1860).
Now in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
BNS 259 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend Text carried over almost unchanged 97%
Measured by comparing the text of the two provisions, not taken from an official correspondence table — there is no machine-readable one. See both texts side by side before relying on it.
Both regimes are live. The repealed enactment still governs what happened while it was in force. We never redirect one to the other.
Cross-references
Extracted from the operative text of the enactments themselves. Every destination below exists in our corpus.
Related judgements & precedents
These are some judgments that construed this section, and hold precedence value. They hold authority on how to read, interpret and use this section.
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G Uday Kumar vs State of Ap
Court's Decision & Legal Precedent
Panel valuers and private professionals cannot be prosecuted under Sections 409, 420, 467, 468 read with Section 120B IPC based solely on the opinion given by them in a bank fraud conspiracy case without establishing a proper and acceptable link between their professional opinion and the criminal conspiracy, and therefore are entitled to anticipatory bail in such circumstances.
On this section: Definition of public servant; cited to establish that panel valuers are not public servants as defined under this section
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Thr Principal Resident Commissioner Govt. of Punjab vs Centurion Bank of Punjab Ltd.
Court's Decision & Legal Precedent
The process of the Criminal Procedure Code cannot be used to satisfy the ego, whim or fancy of a Magistrate. A Magistrate has no jurisdiction to summon a government officer who has no role in the matter before the court. The exercise of judicial power must be confined to matters within the court's jurisdiction, and the modus of service through multiple government officers is improper and invalid. The High Court, exercising its inherent powers under Section 482 CrPC, can quash orders that are wholly without jurisdiction and constitute an abuse of the process of court.
On this section: Section 221 deals with intentional omission to apprehend by a public servant. The Magistrate issued a show cause notice under this section against SSP Sangrur, Punjab for failure to produce the accused. The court noted that this section provides for imprisonment up to 7 years for offences punishable with death, 3 years for offences punishable with life imprisonment or 10 years, and 2 years for other offences.
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Santosh Kumar vs State of U.p.
Court's Decision & Legal Precedent
In criminal bail applications under Section 439 CrPC, the court must consider the complicity of the accused, the severity of the punishment prescribed for the offense, and the totality of facts and circumstances. When co-accused persons have been released on bail and the applicant has been in prolonged custody without evidence of flight risk or witness tampering, bail may be granted with appropriate conditions to ensure court attendance and witness protection.
On this section: The applicant was initially bailed under these sections on March 29, 2019, before Section 222 was added during investigation.
The holding above is the ratio decidendi as extracted from the judgment by eCourts India, reproduced unaltered — it is a rendering of the court's reasoning, not a substitute for its words. Read the order itself before relying on it.
Questions about Section 221
What have the courts held on Section 221 of the Indian Penal Code?
G Uday Kumar vs State of Ap (18 Aug 2021) is the leading judgment on this section among those set out below: Definition of public servant; cited to establish that panel valuers are not public servants as defined under this section. Another 2 judgments on this section are set out below. They run from 2008 to 2021.
How do I find court cases under Section 221 of the Indian Penal Code?
In judgments and charge sheets this section is written several ways, and each form finds a different set of orders. These search the full text of every order eCourtsIndia holds, best matches first: IPC 221, section 221 IPC, section 221 of the Indian Penal Code. People searching for it also type ipc 221 standard and ipc 221b. Each opens the full list of orders on eCourtsIndia, where it can be narrowed by court, year and outcome. 3 reported judgments on this section are set out on this page, beginning with G Uday Kumar vs State of Ap (18 Aug 2021).
What should I read with Section 221 of the Indian Penal Code, and has it changed?
1 other provision in this corpus refers back to it. For anything done on or after 1 July 2024 the provision to read is BNS 259 (Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend), which replaced it; conduct before that date is still charged, tried and appealed under this section.
When did Section 221 of the Indian Penal Code come into force?
Section 221 of the Indian Penal Code, cited as IPC 221, came into force on 01 Jan 1862, having been enacted on 06 Oct 1860. It is no longer in force.
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- 403. Dishonest misappropriation of property727 words
Source and method. Compiled from the enactments of Parliament and of the State legislatures as published on India Code, and republished together with commentary and other original matter under section 52(1)(q)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Structured, cross-referenced and maintained by eCourtsIndia. Recovered from the consolidated text published by India Code (item 7b7d4fe6-206b-4e33-81f1-b98b018acaf6). This page is not a substitute for legal advice.