Act12
Enacted 2017

The Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

In force 188 sections Finance

An Act to make a provision for levy and collection of tax on intra-State supply of goods or services or both by the Central Government and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Act 12 of 2017 Enacted 12 Apr 2017 Department Department of Revenue

Administered by. Ministry of Finance, Department of Revenue · Other Acts of 2017

Commencement. 22nd June, 2017 for sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 139, 146 and 164 1st July, 2017 for sections 6 to 9, 11 to 21, 31 to 41, 42 (except proviso to sub-section (9) of S 42), 43 (except proviso to subsection (9) of S 43), 44 to 50, 53 to 138, 140 to 163, 165 to 174.

Preamble

THE CENTRAL GOODS AND SERVICES TAX ACT, 2017

ACT NO. 12 OF 2017

[12th April, 2017.] An Act to make a provision for levy and collection of tax on intra-State supply of goods or services or both by the Central Government and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Sixty-eighth Year of the Republic of India as follows:---

What this Act covers

Summary of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

1. Enactment & Purpose: Enacted in 2017 to establish a uniform Goods and Services Tax (GST) across India, replacing multiple indirect taxes.

2. Key Definitions

• Council: Goods and Services Tax Council.

• Supply Types & Concepts: Exempt Supply, Deemed Exports, Electronic Commerce, etc.

• Tax & Financial Concepts: Input Tax, Output Tax, Electronic Credit/Cash Ledger.

3. Provisions Overview: - Taxation: Uniform GST rates for goods and services.

• Registration & Compliance: Mandatory registration, tax invoices, returns.

• Input Tax Credit (ITC): Mechanism for tax credit on inputs.

• Offences & Penalties: Defined for non-compliance.

4. Integration with Other Acts: - Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017: For inter-state supplies.

• State Goods and Services Tax Acts: For intra-state supplies.

• Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017: For Union Territories.

Sections

Type to filter. 188 sections.

  1. 1Short title, extent and commencement
  2. 2Definitions
  3. 3Officers under this Act
  4. 4Appointment of officers
  5. 5Powers of officers
  6. 6Authorisation of officers of State tax or Union territory tax as proper officer in certain circumstances
  7. 7Scope of supply
  8. 8Tax liability on composite and mixed supplies
  9. 9Levy and collection
  10. 10Composition levy
  11. 11Power to grant exemption from tax
  12. 11APower not to recover Goods and Services Tax not levied or short-levied as a result of general practice
  13. 12Time of supply of goods
  14. 13Time of supply of services
  15. 14Change in rate of tax in respect of supply of goods or services
  16. 15Value of taxable supply
  17. 16Eligibility and conditions for taking input tax credit
  18. 17Apportionment of credit and blocked credits
  19. 18Availability of credit in special circumstances
  20. 19Taking input tax credit in respect of inputs and capital goods sent for job work
  21. 20Manner of distribution of credit by Input Service Distributor
  22. 21Manner of recovery of credit distributed in excess
  23. 22Persons liable for registration
  24. 23Persons not liable for registration
  25. 24Compulsory registration in certain cases
  26. 25Procedure for registration
  27. 26Deemed registration
  28. 27Special provisions relating to casual taxable person and non-resident taxable person
  29. 28Amendment of registration
  30. 29Cancellation or suspension of registration
  31. 30Revocation of cancellation of registration
  32. 31Tax invoice
  33. 31AFacility of digital payment to recipient
  34. 32Prohibition of unauthorised collection of tax
  35. 33Amount of tax to be indicated in tax invoice and other documents
  36. 34Credit and debit notes
  37. 35Accounts and other records
  38. 36Period of retention of accounts
  39. 37Furnishing details of outward supplies
  40. 38Communication of details of inward supplies and input tax credit
  41. 39Furnishing of returns
  42. 40First return
  43. 41Availment of input tax credit
  44. 42Omitted
  45. 43Omitted
  46. 43AOmitted
  47. 44Annual return
  48. 45Final return
  49. 46Notice to return defaulters
  50. 47Levy of late fee
  51. 48Goods and services tax practitioners
  52. 49Payment of tax, interest, penalty and other amounts
  53. 49AUtilisation of input tax credit subject to certain conditions
  54. 49BOrder of utilisation of input tax credit
  55. 50Interest on delayed payment of tax
  56. 51Tax deductions at source
  57. 52Collection of tax at stores
  58. 53Transfer of input tax credit
  59. 53ATransfer of certain amounts
  60. 54Refund of tax
  61. 55Refund in certain cases
  62. 56Interest on delayed refunds
  63. 57Consumer Welfare Fund
  64. 58Utilisation of Fund
  65. 59Self-assessment
  66. 60Provisional assessment
  67. 61Scrutiny of returns
  68. 62Assessment of non-filers of returns
  69. 63Assessment of unregistered persons
  70. 64Summary assessment in certain special cases
  71. 65Audit by tax authorities
  72. 66Special audit
  73. 67Power of inspection, search and seizure
  74. 68Inspection of goods in movement
  75. 69Power to arrest
  76. 70Power to summon persons to give evidence and produce documents
  77. 71Access to business premises
  78. 72Officers to assist proper officers
  79. 73Determination of tax, pertaining to the period up to Financial Year 2023-24, not paid or short paid or erroneously refunded or input tax credit wrongly availed or utilised for any reason other than fraud or any wilful-misstatement or suppression of facts
  80. 74Determination of tax, pertaining to the period up to Financial Year 2023-24, not paid or short paid or erroneously refunded or input tax credit wrongly availed or utilised by reason of fraud or any wilful-misstatement or suppression of facts
  81. 74ADetermination of tax not paid or short paid or erroneously refunded or input tax credit wrongly availed or utilised for any reason pertaining to Financial Year 2024-25 onward
  82. 75General provisions relating to determination of tax
  83. 76Tax collected but not paid to Government
  84. 77Tax wrongfully collected and paid to Central Government or State Government
  85. 78Initiation of recovery proceedings
  86. 79Recovery of tax
  87. 80Payment of tax and other amount in instalments
  88. 81Transfer of property to be void in certain cases
  89. 82Tax to be first charge on property
  90. 83Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases
  91. 84Continuation and validation of certain recovery proceedings
  92. 85Liability in case of transfer of business
  93. 86Liability of agent and principal
  94. 87Liability in case of amalgamation or merger of companies
  95. 88Liability in case of company in liquidation
  96. 89Liability of directors of private company
  97. 90Liability of partners of firm to pay tax
  98. 91Liability of guardians, trustees, etc
  99. 92Liability of Court of Wards, etc
  100. 93Special provisions regarding liability to pay tax, interest or penalty in certain cases
  101. 94Liability in other cases
  102. 95Definitions
  103. 96Authority for advance ruling
  104. 97Application for advance ruling
  105. 98Procedure on receipt of application
  106. 99Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling
  107. 100Appeal to Appellate Authority
  108. 101Orders of Appellate Authority
  109. 101AConstitution of National Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling
  110. 101BAppeal to National Appellate Authority
  111. 101COrder of National Appellate Authority
  112. 102Rectification of advance ruling
  113. 103Applicability of advance ruling
  114. 104Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances
  115. 105Powers of Authority, Appellate Authority and National Appellate Authority
  116. 106Procedure of Authority, Appellate Authority and National Appellate Authority
  117. 107Appeals to Appellate Authority
  118. 108Powers of Revisional Authority
  119. 109Constitution of Appellate Tribunal and Benches thereof
  120. 110President and Members of Appellate Tribunal, their qualification, appointment, conditions of service, etc
  121. 111Procedure before Appellate Tribunal
  122. 112Appeals to Appellate Tribunal
  123. 113Orders of Appellate Tribunal
  124. 114Financial and administrative powers of President
  125. 115Interest on refund of amount paid for admission of appeal
  126. 116Appearance by authorised representative
  127. 117Appeal to High Court
  128. 118Appeal to Supreme Court
  129. 119Sums due to be paid notwithstanding appeal, etc
  130. 120Appeal not to be filed in certain cases
  131. 121Non-appealable decisions and orders
  132. 122Penalty for certain offences
  133. 122APenalty for failure to register certain machines used in manufacture of goods as per special procedure
  134. 123Penalty for failure to furnish information return
  135. 124Fine for failure to furnish statistics
  136. 125General penalty
  137. 126General disciplines related to penalty
  138. 127Power to impose penalty in certain cases
  139. 128Power to waive penalty or fee or both
  140. 128AWaiver of interest or penalty or both relating to demands raised under section 73, for certain tax periods
  141. 129Detention, seizure and release of goods and conveyances in transit
  142. 130Confiscation of goods or conveyances and levy of penalty
  143. 131Confiscation or penalty not to interfere with other punishments
  144. 132Punishment for certain offences
  145. 133Liability of officers and certain other persons
  146. 134Cognizance of offences
  147. 135Presumption of culpable mental state
  148. 136Relevancy of statements under certain circumstances
  149. 137Offences by companies
  150. 138Compounding of offences
  151. 139Migration of existing taxpayers
  152. 140Transitional arrangements for input tax credit
  153. 141Transitional provisions relating to job work
  154. 142Miscellaneous transitional provisions
  155. 143Job work procedure
  156. 144Presumption as to documents in certain cases
  157. 145Admissibility of micro films, facsimile copies of documents and computer printouts as documents and as evidence
  158. 146Common Portal
  159. 147Deemed exports
  160. 148Special procedure for certain processes
  161. 149Goods and services tax compliance rating
  162. 150Obligation to furnish information return
  163. 151Power to call for information
  164. 152Bar on disclosure of information
  165. 153Taking assistance from an expert
  166. 154Power to take samples
  167. 155Burden of proof
  168. 156Persons deemed to be public servants
  169. 157Protection of action take under this Act
  170. 158Disclosure of information by a public servant
  171. 158AConsent based sharing of information furnished by taxable person
  172. 159Publication of information in respect of persons in certain cases
  173. 160Assessment proceedings, etc., not to be invalid on certain grounds
  174. 161Rectification of errors apparent on the face of record
  175. 162Bar on jurisdiction of civil courts
  176. 163Levy of fee
  177. 164Power of Government to make rules
  178. 165Power to make regulations
  179. 166Laying of rules, regulations and notifications
  180. 167Delegation of powers
  181. 168Power to issue instructions or directions
  182. 168APower of Government to extend time limit in special circumstances
  183. 169Service of notice in certain circumstances
  184. 170Rounding off of tax, etc
  185. 171Anti-profiteering measure
  186. 172Removal of difficulties
  187. 173Amendment of Act 32 of 1994
  188. 174Repeal and saving

Schedules

This Act has 3 schedules. A schedule is published as a document of its own; the text is reproduced on its page where it has been read, and the document is mirrored here either way.

Rules made under this Act

40 sets of Rules. India Code publishes Rules as a record and a document rather than as text, so these are indexed here and not reproduced. All Rules.

  • 01/2026-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 9/2025 - Central tax (Rate) to align them with changes made vide Finance Act, 20262026
  • 01/2026-Central Tax — Seeks to extends the due date for furnishing the return in FORM GSTR-3B for the month of March, 2026 till the twenty-first day of April, 20262026
  • 02/2026-Central Tax — Seeks to empower the Principal Bench of the Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi constituted under sub-section (3) of section 109 of the said Act to hear appeals made under section 101B of the said Act.2026
  • 01/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification no. 01/2017- Central Tax (Rate)2025
  • 01/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-1 for the month of December, 2024 and the quarter of October to December, 2024, as the case may be2025
  • 02/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification no. 02/2017- Central Tax (Rate)2025
  • 02/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-3B for the month of December, 2024 and the quarter of October to December, 2024, as the case may be2025
  • 03/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification no. 39/2017- Central Tax (Rate)2025
  • 03/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-5 for the month of December, 20242025
  • 04/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification no. 08/2018- Central Tax (Rate)2025
  • 04/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-6 for the month of December, 20242025
  • 05/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 11/2017 - Central Tax (Rate) dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 55th GST Council.2025
  • 05/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-7 for the month of December, 20242025
  • 06/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 12/2017-Central Tax (Rate dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 55th GST Council.2025
  • 06/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-8 for the month of December, 20242025
  • 07/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 13/2017-Central Tax (Rate), dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 55th GST Council..2025
  • 07/2025-Central Tax — Central Tax Notification to amend CGST Rules, Central Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Rules, 20252025
  • 08/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 17/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 55th GST Council.2025
  • 08/2025-Central Tax — Central Tax Notification for waiver of the late fee2025
  • 09/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to supersede Notification No. 1/2017- Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.2025
  • 09/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to bring rules 2, 8, 24, 27, 32, 37, 38 of the CGST (Amendment) Rules, 2024 in to force2025
  • 10/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to supersede Notification No. 2/2017- Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.2025
  • 10/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to amend notification No. 02/2017-Central Tax.2025
  • 11/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No. 3/2017- Central Tax (Rate) dated 28.06.2017.2025
  • 11/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to notify Central Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Rules 20252025
  • 12/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No. 8/2018- Central Tax (Rate) dated 25.01.2018.2025
  • 12/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend the due date for furnishing FORM GSTR-3B for the month of July,2025 upto 27.08.2025, for the taxpayers registered in Mumbai (City), Mumbai (sub-urban), Thane, Raigad and Palghar districts of Maharashtra2025
  • 13/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No. 21/2018- Central Tax (Rate) dated 26.07.2018.2025
  • 13/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to notify the Central Goods and Services Tax (Third Amendment) Rules 2025.2025
  • 14/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to notify GST rate for bricks.2025
  • 14/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to notify category of persons under section 54(6).2025
  • 15/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 11/2017 - Central Tax (Rate) dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 56th GST Council.2025
  • 15/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to exempt taxpayer with annual turnover less than Rs 2 Crore from filing annual return.2025
  • 16/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 12/2017-Central Tax (Rate dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 56th GST Council.2025
  • 16/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to notify clauses (ii), (iii) of section 121, section 122 to section 124 and section 126 to 134 of Finance Act, 2025 to come into force.2025
  • 17/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification No 17/2017-Central Tax (Rate), dated 28th June, 2017 to implement the recommendations of the 56th GST Council2025
  • 17/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to extend date of filing GSTR-3B.2025
  • 18/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend notification No. 26/2018-Central Tax(Rate) dated 31.12.2018.2025
  • 18/2025-Central Tax — Seeks to notify the Central Goods and Services Tax (Fourth Amendment) Rules 20252025
  • 19/2025-Central Tax (Rate) — Seeks to amend Notification 09/2025- Central Tax (Rate), to prescribe GST rates on tobacco products.2025

Related Acts

Ordinances

India Code records no parent Act for an ordinance, so these are tied to this Act by their own titles and their dates rather than by anything the source states. An ordinance is made when Parliament is not sitting and lapses six weeks into the next session unless it is enacted.

  • The Central Goods and Services Tax (Extension to Jammu and Kashmir) Ordinance, 2017enacted as this Act · 2017

All Ordinances

Source and method. Compiled from the enactments of Parliament and of the State legislatures as published on India Code, and republished together with commentary and other original matter under section 52(1)(q)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Structured, cross-referenced and maintained by eCourtsIndia. Every one of the 188 sections of this Act has its own page. This page is not a substitute for legal advice.