Variation of shareholders‘ rights
Section 48 of the Companies Act, 2013 deals with variation of shareholders‘ rights. Where a share capital of the company is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to the shares of any class may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or by means of a special resolution passed at a The Act came into force on 01 Apr 2014.
(1) Where a share capital of the company is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to the shares of any class may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or by means of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the issued shares of that class,--
(a) if provision with respect to such variation is contained in the memorandum or articles of the company; or
(b) in the absence of any such provision in the memorandum or articles, if such variation is not prohibited by the terms of issue of the shares of that class:
Provided that if variation by one class of shareholders affects the rights of any other class of shareholders, the consent of three-fourths of such other class of shareholders shall also be obtained and the provisions of this section shall apply to such variation.
(2) Where the holders of not less than ten per cent. of the issued shares of a class did not consent to such variation or vote in favour of the special resolution for the variation, they may apply to the Tribunal to have the variation cancelled, and where any such application is made, the variation shall not have effect unless and until it is confirmed by the Tribunal:
Provided that an application under this section shall be made within twenty-one days after the date on which the consent was given or the resolution was passed, as the case may be, and may be made on behalf of the shareholders entitled to make the application by such one or more of their number as they may appoint in writing for the purpose.
(3) The decision of the Tribunal on any application under sub-section (2) shall be binding on the shareholders.
(4) The company shall, within thirty days of the date of the order of the Tribunal, file a copy thereof with the Registrar.
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Section 48, The Companies Act, 2013 (Act 18 of 2013).
Cross-references
Extracted from the operative text of the enactments themselves. Every destination below exists in our corpus.
Judgments citing this section
These may be obiter dicta or a precedent, for you to study. These are the judgments where this section is quoted.
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… Thus, reference of Clause 9 of the Agreement was required to be made by making amendment in the Power of Attorney and Board Resolution would also be required in this regard. Further, the common Seal of the Company in terms of CS (OS) No.292/2006 Page 6 of 77 Section 48 of the Companies Act should also have been affixed on the Power of Attorney in the presence of two Directors or as the Articles of the Defendant Company prescribed. 7. On 23rd December, 2005, Mr. Dwivedee again met Plaintiff No.1 and informed him that the High Court of Delhi had disposed of the writ petition …
Made under this section, and citing it
2 instruments state that it was made under this provision — the power to make it comes from here, so a change to any of them changes what this section requires in practice. Newest first.
Another 1 instrument names this provision in its title or its text without being made under it.
Questions about Section 48
What does Section 48 of the Companies Act deal with?
Section 48 of the Companies Act is headed "Variation of shareholders‘ rights". Where a share capital of the company is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to the shares of any class may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or by means of a special resolution passed at a
How do I find court cases under Section 48 of the Companies Act?
In judgments and charge sheets this section is written several ways, and each form finds a different set of orders. These search the full text of every order eCourtsIndia holds, best matches first: Companies Act 48, section 48 Companies Act, section 48 of the Companies Act. Each opens the full list of orders on eCourtsIndia, where it can be narrowed by court, year and outcome.
What should I read with Section 48 of the Companies Act, and has it changed?
1 other provision in this corpus refers back to it. The rules and notifications made under it are where it actually bites, and there are 2: most recently Commencement Notification dated 09.02.2018 (2018), then Commencement notification dated 07.12.2016 (2016).
When did Section 48 of the Companies Act come into force?
Section 48 of the Companies Act, cited as Companies Act 48, came into force on 01 Apr 2014, having been enacted on 29 Aug 2013. It is in force as at the date shown on this page.
Other sections of this Act
- 2. Definitions5089 words
- 143. Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards1867 words
- 230. Power to compromise or make arrangements with creditors and members1432 words
- 232. Merger and amalgamation of companies1416 words
- 149. Company to have Board of Directors1403 words
- 217. Procedure, powers, etc., of inspectors1390 words
Source and method. Compiled from the enactments of Parliament and of the State legislatures as published on India Code, and republished together with commentary and other original matter under section 52(1)(q)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957. Structured, cross-referenced and maintained by eCourtsIndia. Text as in force on 15 Oct 2026. This page is not a substitute for legal advice.